Financial Performance and Tax Avoidance in Large and Small Firms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58777/rag.v4i2.555Keywords:
Liquidity, Activity, Profitability, Solvency, Company Size, Tax Avoidance, Manufacturing CompaniesAbstract
This study analyzes the influence of liquidity, activity, profitability, and solvency on tax avoidance, with firm size as a moderating variable in consumer goods manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2020–2024. The study was motivated by inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between financial performance and tax avoidance, particularly in manufacturing companies with complex operations and significant tax exposure. A quantitative approach was employed using purposive sampling, with panel data obtained from companies’ annual financial reports. Data were analyzed using panel regression and moderation testing in EViews. The results indicate that liquidity, activity, profitability, and solvency each have a significant effect on tax avoidance. Firm size moderates the relationships between liquidity and profitability and tax avoidance, suggesting that larger companies adopt different tax management strategies and possess greater financial flexibility than smaller firms. However, firm size does not moderate the relationships between activity, solvency, and tax avoidance. These findings contribute to the tax compliance and corporate finance literature by highlighting the moderating role of firm size in corporate tax behavior. Practically, the results provide insights for regulators to develop governance-based tax supervision policies that improve transparency and sustainable tax compliance in the manufacturing sector.
References
Ainniyya, A. M., & Sumiati, A. (2021). Effect of Profitability, Leverage, Size, Capital Intensity, and Inventory Intensity toward Tax Aggressiveness. Journal of International Conference Proceedings, 4(3), 245–255. https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v4i3.1314
Amalia, D. (2021). Pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage Dan Intensitas Aset Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. KRISNA: Kumpulan Riset Akuntansi, 12(2), 232–240. https://doi.org/10.22225/kr.12.2.1596.232-240
Andalenta, I., & Ismawati, K. (2022). Tax Avoidance Perusahaan Perbankan. Owner, 6(1), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i1.627
Ardyansah, (2014) Pengaruh Size, Leverage, Profitability, Capital Intensity, Ratio, Dan Komisaris Independen Terhadap Effective Tax Rate (ETR) (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Selama Periode 2010-2012). Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Arimurti, T., Astriani, D., & Sabaruddin. (2022). Pengaruh Leverage, Return on Asset (Roa) Dan Intensitas Modal Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Dengan Transparansi Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. KRISNA: Kumpulan Riset Akuntansi, 13(2), 299–315. https://doi.org/10.22225/kr.13.2.2022.299-315
Basuki dan Prawoto. (2017). Analisis Regresi Dalam Penelitian. Ekonomi & Bisnis : Dilengkapi Aplikasi SPSS & EVIEWS. Jakarta: PT. Rajagrafindo Persada
Budianti, S., & Curry, K. (2018). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, likuiditas, dan Capital Intensity Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (Tax Avoidance). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Cendekiawan 4, Jakarta.
Chen, S., Chen, X., Shevlin, T., Chen, S., Chen, X., & Shevlin, T. (2010). Are Family Firms more Tax Aggressive than Non-family Firms? Are family firms more tax aggressive than non-family firms? * University of Texas at Austin, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Research Collection School of Accountancy, 91(1), 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2009.02.003
Destari, A. Y., & Hendratno. (2019). Analisis Pengaruh Debt-to-Equity Ratio, Current Ratio, Total Asset dan Size Terhadap Return on Equity. Jurnal Akuntansi, Audit dan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Vol. 3 No. 1.
Irianto, D. B. S., & S.Ak, A. W. (2017). The Influence of Profitability, Leverage, Firm Size and Capital Intensity Towards Tax Avoidance. International Journal of Accounting and Taxation, 5(2), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.15640/ijat.v5n2a3
Dyreng, et al. (2012). The Effect of Executives on Corporate Tax. Avoidance.The Accounting Review, 85, 1163-1189 https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.4.1163
Fahmi, I (2017), Analisis Laporan Keuangan. Bandung: Alfabeta Fatharani (2012) Pengaruh Karakteristik Kepemilikan, Reformasi Perpajakan, dan Hubungan Politik terhadap Tindakan Pajak Agresif pada Perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI pada tahun 2007-2010. Fakultas Ekonomi Program Studi Akuntansi, Depok
Ghozali, Imam. (2016). Analisis Multivariate dan. Ekonometrika Teori, Konsep, dan Aplikasi dengan Eviews 8. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro
Gitman, (2016). Principles of Management Finance 12 th. Edition. Boston: Pearson Education
Handayani & Mildawati (2018). Pengaruh Konservatisme Akuntansi, Leverage, Profitabilitas, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Kompensasi Rugi Fiksal Terhadap Tax Avoidance.” Jurnal Ilmu dan Riset Akuntansi 7(11): 1–20.
Hanlon dan Heitzman (2015). A review of tax research. Journal of. Accounting and Economics, 50 (40). 127 – 178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.002
Harahap. S.S. (2019), Analisis Kritis Laporan Keuangan. Jakata: PT Raja. Grafindo Persada.
Hartono, J. (2017) Teori Portofolio dan Analisis Investasi, Edisi. Kesepuluh. Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Ida Ayu & I Ketut (2019). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Capital Intensity, dan Inventory Intensity pada Penghindaran Pajak” ISSN: 2302-8556 E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana Vol.27.3.Juni (2019): 2293-2321. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2019.v27.i03.p24
Isabela, A. P., & Fajar Nurdin. (2025). Faktor-faktor yang Menentu dalam Pengungkapan Penghindaran Pajak pada Perusahaan Sektor Keuangan: Peran Moderasi Ukuran Perusahaan. Permana : Jurnal Perpajakan, Manajemen, Dan Akuntansi, 17(1), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.24905/permana.v17i1.548
Jusman, J., & Nosita, F. (2020). Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Capital Intensity dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Tax Avoidance pada Sektor Pertambangan. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 20(2), 697. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v20i2.997
K.R Subramanyam. (2017). Analisis Laporan Keuangan. Edisi Kesebelas. Jakarta: Salemba Empat
Kasmir. (2017). Analisis Laporan Keuangan Edisi 1 Cetakan Kesembilan. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada
Keown, A. (2017). Dasar- dasar Manajemen Keuangan. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka
Kurniasih dan Sari (2013). Pengaruh Return on Assets, Leverage, Corporate Governance, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Kompensasi Rugi Fiskal pada Tax Avoidance. Buletin Studi Ekonomi Vol 18, No.1, Halaman 58-65.
Lanis dan Richardson (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Aggressiveness: a test of legitimacy theory. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 26 No 1, pp.75–100 https://doi.org/10.1108/09513571311285621
Nafik Hadi Ryandono, M., Ernayani, R., Atmojo, P., Susilowati, D., & Indriastuty, N. (2020). Factors Influencing Tax Avoidance in Indonesia. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(1), 366–372. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8147
Rodriguez & Arias, (2016). Do Business Characteristics Determine Effective Tax? Rate? The Chinese Economy, Vol 45 (6)
Saputra, M. D. R. (2017). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage Dan Corporate Governance. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi, 6, 1–19.
Santosa, P. W. (2019). Financial performance, exchange rate and stock return: Evidence from manufacturing sector. Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi, 18(3), 205–217. https://doi.org/10.12695/jmt.2019.18.3.5
Santosa, P. W. (2020a). The Effect of Financial Performance and Innovation on Leverage: Evidence from Indonesian Food and Beverage Sector. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 11(22), 367–388. https://doi.org/10.15388/omee.2020.11.38
Santosa, P. W. (2020b). The moderating role of firm size on financial charactersitics and Islamic firm value at Indonesian equity market. Business: Theory and Practice, 21(1), 391–401. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2020.12197
Santosa, P. W., Aprilia, O., & Tambunan, M. E. (2020). The Intervening Effect of the Dividend Policy on Financial Performance and Firm Value in Large Indonesian Firms. International Journal of Financial Research, 11(4), 408–420. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n4p408
Santoso, Imam, dan Ning Rahayu. (2016). Corporate Tax Management: Mengulas upaya pengelolaan pajak perusahaan secara konseptual-praktikal. Jakarta: Observation & Research of Taxation (ORTAX).
Sartono, Agus. (2016). Manajemen Keuangan Teori dan Aplikasi. Yogyakarta: BPFE
Sopiyana (2022), The Effect of Leverage and Firm Size on Tax Avoidance with Profitability as a Moderating. Scientific journal of reflection: Economic, Accounting, Management and Business, 5(1), 29-37. https://doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v5i1.422
Sormin. (2020). Company Size, Profitability and Leverage to Tax Aggressiveness (Empirical Study to Manufacturing Subsector Paper, Advertising, Printing.
Suyanto, & Amiah, N. (2022). Profitabilitas, Intensitas Modal Dan Penghindaran Pajak : Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. Jurnal Literasi Akuntansi, 2(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.55587/jla.v2i1.13
Sugiyono. (2018). Manajemen Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan Kombinasi, Bandung : Penerbit Alfabeta.
Sukmadinata. (2016). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Supranto. (2016). Statistik Teori dan Aplikasi Edisi Kedelapan. Jakarta: Erlangga Suroto, F., & Setiadi, I. (2019). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance Dan Firm Size Terhadap Profitabilitas (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Non Keuangan Indeks LQ 45 Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Tahun 2013-2017). Journal of Accounting Science, 3(2), 79–101. https://doi.org/10.21070/jas.v3i2.2567
Sutrisno, E. (2016). Manajemen Keuangan; Teori Konsep dan Aplikasi Cetakan Ke-9,. Ekonisis, Yogyakarta.
Stawati, V.(2020). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Bisnis: Jurnal Program studi Akuntansi, 6 (2) November 2020. ISSN 2443-3071 (Print) ISSN 2503- 0337 (Online).
Utami, C. T., & Tahar, A. (2018). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility, Kepemilikan Manajerial, Capital Intensity Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Tax Aggressiveness: Studi Pada Perusahaan Jasa Sektor Property dan Real Estate yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015-2017. Reviu Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Indonesia, 2(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.18196/rab.020119
Widarjono (2017). Ekonometrika Pengantar dan Aplikasinya Disertai. Panduan Eviews. Yogyakarta: UPP STIM YKPN.
Wild, S., dan Halsey (2017). Analisis Laporan. Keuangan, Jakarta: Salemba Empat,
Yulyani. (2022). Pengaruh Beberapa Faktor Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Pada Perusahaan Menufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia 2017-2019. EMABI: Ekonomi Dan Manajemen Bisnis, 1(1), 26–35.
Zoebar, M. K. Y., & Miftah, D. (2020). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility, Capital Intensity Dan Kualitas Audit Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Jurnal Magister Akuntansi Trisakti, 7(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.25105/jmat.v7i1.6315
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Pilar Aji Delphiano, Dahlifah Dahlifah

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

This work is licensed under a CC Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0









